2. GPCR/G Protein
  3. Adenylate Cyclase

Adenylate Cyclase

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenylyl cyclases integrate positive and negative signals that act through G protein-coupled cell-surface receptors with other extracellular stimuli to finely regulate levels of cAMP within the cell. Humans express nine isoforms of membranous ACs and a soluble AC.

Based on regulatory properties, transmembrane ACs are classified into four groups: Group I: Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1, AC3, AC8; Group II: Gβγ-stimulated and Ca2+-insensitive AC2, AC4, AC7; Group III: Gαi/Ca2+/PKA-inhibited AC5, AC6; Group IV: forskolin/Ca2+/Gβγ-insensitive AC9. The soluble AC, unlike the transmembrane ACs, is insensitive to hormones, G proteins and forskolin, a diterpene extracted from the root of the plant Coleus forskohlii that directly activates all isoforms of transmembrane ACs except AC9.

Adenylate Cyclase Related Products (42):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-103193
    NKH477 Activator
    NKH477 (Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) directly activates the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP. NKH477 is a forskolin derivative that improves cardiac failure mainly through its beneficial effects on diastolic cardiac function. NKH477 exerts an antiproliferative effect in vivo with an altered cytokine profile to inhibit the acute rejection of rat orthotopic lung allografts[1].
  • HY-100396
    SQ22536 Inhibitor 98.41%
    SQ22536 is an effective adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor.
  • HY-P1446
    Cholera toxin Activator
    Cholera toxin (Choleragen), an AB(5)-subunit toxin, enters host cells by binding the ganglioside GM1 at the plasma membrane (PM) and travels retrograde through the trans-Golgi Network into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)[1]. Choleragen activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein[2].
  • HY-15371
    Forskolin Activator
    Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC50 of 41 nM and an EC50 of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase[1]. Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation[2]. Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR[3]. Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces autophagy[4][5].
  • HY-135878
    2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine Inhibitor
    2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a potent and non-competitive adenylyl cyclase inhibitor via binding the P-site with an IC50 of 3 µM . 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a nucleoside analog and exerts a potent antiadrenergic action in heart[1][2].
  • HY-111985
    Revospirone Inhibitor
    Revospirone (BAY Vq 7813) is a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor with a Ki of 2 nmol/L. Revospirone inhibits adenylate cyclase activity with an IC50 of 124 nmol/L[1].
  • HY-161021
    AC2 selective-IN-1
    AC2 selective-IN-1 (compound 14) is a? potent (IC50=4.45 μM), non-toxic, and selective mAC2 inhibitor[1].
  • HY-157150
    mAC2-IN-1 Inhibitor
    mAC2-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent and selective human adenylate cyclases (mACs) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.45 μM. mAC2-IN-1 has low activity on mAC1 and mAC5[1].
  • HY-100767
    Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate trisodium Activator
    Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate (Guanosine 5'-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate) trisodium is a non-hydrolysable GTP analogue, an activator of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase. Imidodiphosphate trisodium can be used in protein synthesis studies[1][2][3].
  • HY-N10772
    Albanin A Inhibitor
    Albanin A, a flavonoid, suppresses glutamate release by decreasing Ca2+/calmodulin/adenylate Cyclase 1 (AC1) activation in synaptosomes and exerts neuroprotective effect in vivo. Albanin A has anti-inflflammatory activity[1].
  • HY-103430
    SKF-83566 hydrobromide Antagonist
    SKF-83566 hydrobromide is a potent, blood-brain permeable and orally active D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist and a weaker competitive antagonist at the vascular 5-HT2 receptor (Ki=11 nM)[1][3]. SKF-83566 is a competitive DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 μM[2]. SKF-83566 also shows selective inhibition for adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) over AC1 and AC5 in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta[4]. SKF-83566 can be used for the research of parkinson’s disease and nicotine craving alleviation[5].
  • HY-P2090A
    Angiopeptin TFA Inhibitor 99.71%
    Angiopeptin TFA, a cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, is a weak sst2/sst5 receptor partial agonist with IC50 values of 0.26 nM and 6.92 nM, respectively. Angiopeptin TFA is a potent inhibitor of growth hormone release and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. Angiopeptin TFA inhibits adenylate cyclase or stimulates extracellular acidification. Angiopeptin TFA has the potential for coronary atherosclerosis research[1][2].
  • HY-14425
    NB001 Inhibitor 98.21%
    NB001 (HTS 09836) is an adenylcyclase 1 (AC1) inhibitor which has effect on neural and non-neural pain by modulating AC1 activity[1].
  • HY-115748A
    Mant-GTPγS triammonium Inhibitor
    Mant-GTPγS triammonium, a GTP mimetic, is a potent competitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor. Mant-GTPγS triammonium is a potent YdeH inhibitor[1][2][3].
  • HY-103194
    KH7 Inhibitor
    KH7 is a soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC)-specific inhibitor, with IC50s of 3-10 μM toward both recombinant purified human sACt protein and heterologously expressed sACt in cellular assays[1]. KH7 is also a cAMP inhibitor[2].
  • HY-108565
    BMY 45778 Activator
    BMY 45778 is a non-prostanoid prostacyclin mimetic. BMY 45778 inhibits human (IC50 = 35 nM), rabbit (IC50: 136 nM) and rat (IC50 : 1.3 μM) platelet aggregation. BMY 45778 also activates adenylyl cyclase. BMY 45778 is a partial agonist at the prostacyclin receptor[1].
  • HY-116530
    9-Cyclopentyladenine monomethanesulfonate Inhibitor 99.16%
    9-Cyclopentyladenine monomethylsulfonate (9-CP-Ade mesylate) is a stable non-competitive adenylate cyclase inhibitor with cell permeable properties[1][2].
  • HY-P3689
    [Tyr22] Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide, (22-37), rat Activator 99.89%
    [Tyr22] Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide, (22-37), rat is a fragments 22-37 of rat calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), targeting CGRP receptor and adenylate cyclase. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells while CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system[1].
  • HY-P3647
    [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine Inhibitor
    [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine, a N-Alkylated derivative, is a potent κ-opioid receptor agonist with a Ki value of 0.13 nM. [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine has analgesic property[1][2].
  • HY-137167
    Guanylyl imidodiphosphate lithium Activator
    Guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) lithium, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue, increases adenylate cyclase activity[1][2].